Understanding motion equations, uniform acceleration, and problem-solving.
Motion graphs (displacement-time, velocity-time, acceleration-time).
Free-body diagrams, real-world applications of Newton’s Laws.
Conservation of momentum, impulse-momentum theorem.
Centripetal force, motion in curves, applications in planetary motion.
Relationship between work and energy, kinetic and potential energy.
Understanding power and efficiency calculations in mechanical systems.
Torque, static equilibrium, and center of mass.
Angular motion, moment of inertia, and analogies with linear motion.
Conservation of angular momentum and applications in physics.
Inertial frames, classical relativity vs. Einstein’s theory.
Understanding relativistic effects with examples.
Conduction, convection, radiation, and real-life applications.
Blackbody radiation, greenhouse gases, and their role in climate.
Boyle’s, Charles’, and the ideal gas law with kinetic theory.
The first and second laws, energy conservation, heat engines.
Understanding entropy and its role in thermodynamic cycles.
Voltage, current, resistance, series & parallel circuits.
Solving circuit problems using Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws.
Energy transfer in electrical circuits, efficiency, and applications.
Understanding SHM, equations, and graphical representations.
Kinetic and potential energy variations in oscillating systems.
Mechanical vs. electromagnetic waves, transverse vs. longitudinal waves.
Young’s double-slit experiment, diffraction patterns.
Formation of standing waves, resonance, and practical examples.